What Is a Master’s Degree? Definition, Types, Requirements, and Career Advancement
A master's degree is a postgraduate degree awarded by universities and graduate or business schools after completing an undergraduate degree. It represents advanced learning, specialization, and professional or academic advancement within a chosen field of study such as business administration, technology, engineering, arts, social sciences, public administration, public health, education, design, music, film, entertainment, or healthcare administration.
Often referred to as a graduate degree, a master’s degree helps students and professionals earn higher salaries, advance leadership potential, and prepare for PhD, professional degree, or executive-level careers. Many people pursue this diploma for career advancement, earning a master credential that leads to better job opportunities, industry credibility, and long-term investment in their future.
Master’s programs typically last 1–2 years, though program lengths range depending on full-time, part-time, online, distance learning, or flexible programs. Time may vary based on specialization, capstone, clinical, or research requirements.
Definition and Academic Framework of the Master’s Degree (LMD / DNM)
Within the European LMD framework (Licence–Master–Doctorat), this degree (also referred to as DNM) was formally established in 2002. It guarantees a bac+5 level qualification, ensuring compliance with national and global academic standards.
Universities, business schools, and engineering schools must meet strict faculty, programme, and examination standards to maintain accreditation. This ensures equivalence across campus, online, and distance formats.
What Is a Master’s Degree?
This kind of degree combines:
- Advanced coursework
- Applied projects
- Clinical or professional internships
- Research and a capstone thesis or final examination
Students complete 120 ECTS credits (300 total including the bachelor’s level). Graduate students enroll first in Master 1 (M1), then specialize in Master 2 (M2).
This graduate program is awarded by a recognized business school, university, or accredited institution and is designed to develop advanced competencies, analytical thinking, and leadership skills.
Master 1 vs Master 2: What’s the Difference?
- M1: Foundation year students learn, explore specializations, and build core competencies
- M2: Specialization year focus on a defined track, professional or research oriented
Some institutions issue certificates after M1, but the complete diploma is awarded after M2.
Types of Master's degrees (Most Common Fields)
There are many types :
Masters proposed at emlyon business school
- MSc in Leading Sustainable Transformations
- MSc in Management of Energy Transitions
- MSc in Financial & Business Performance
- MSc in Strategic Intelligence & Global Risks
- MSc in International Marketing & Business Development
- MSc in Branding & Communication
- MSc in Luxury Management & Marketing
- MSc in International Hospitality Management
- MSc in Sports, Entertainment & Lifestyle
- MSc in Healthcare Innovation and Data Science
- MSc in Supply Chain & Operations Management
- MSc in Global Sales Excellence
- MSc in Global Innovation & Entrepreneurship
Other kinds of Masters (not proposed at emlyon business school):
- Master of Arts (MA) – language, education, humanities
- Master of Engineering
- Master of Education / Arts in Teaching / Arts in Education
- Master of Public Administration
- Master of Public Policy
- Master of Public Health
- Master of Philosophy
- Integrated Master
- MSW (Master of Social Work)
- Master of Studies
- Liberal Arts and Social Sciences
Many universities now offer online master’s degrees and explore online programs for working professionals.
Why Pursue a Master Degree?
Key Reasons People Choose this degree
- Career advancement and leadership roles
- Higher earning potential
- Industry specialization and professional degree recognition
- Preparation for PhD or research careers
- Personal growth and learning objectives
Graduates consistently report stronger resume profiles and improved career trajectories.
Academic, Professional, and Industry Benefits
This kind of degree programs integrate:
- Industry projects
- Internships and clinical placements
- Applied research
- Faculty-led innovation labs
International Recognition and Global Mobility
Thanks to the Bologna Process, master’s degrees are recognized across Europe and internationally, enabling:
- Study abroad
- Dual degrees
- Exchange programs
- Admission to globalprograms
Admission Requirements and Application Process
Most programs require:
- Completed undergraduate degree
- Completed application
- Academic transcripts
- References are required
- Standardized tests (depending on program)
- Proof of foreign language proficiency
- Personal statement and career plan
Applicants will provide contact details, recommendation letters, and supporting documents required by the institution.
- Submit application during fall or spring
- Application deadline – spring admission is common
- Admission decisions may include interviews
Online, Distance, and Flexible Learning Options
Many institutions offer:
- Online degree
- Distance learning (depending on the school or university)
- Flexible courses
- Hybrid campus + online formats
These formats allow professionals to earn, advance, and study while working.
Tuition, Investment, and ROI
Tuition rates vary widely depending on:
- Institution
- Country
- Program type
- Delivery format
This degree is widely considered a long-term investment, offering measurable returns in salary growth and leadership potential.
How to Choose the Right Master’s Program
- Accreditation and compliance
- Faculty expertise
- Industry alignment
- Alumni outcomes
- Job opportunities
- What domaine, objectif, and compétences do I want to develop ?
- Am I an étudiant preparing for a carrière, or a professional advancing leadership skills ?
- Does the program align with my personal and professional goals ?
Master’s vs Mastère vs MSc: Key Differences
- Master’s degree: National, regulated, academic + professional
- Advanced Mastère: Specialized, industry-focused, post-master
- MSc: Global, often English-taught, operational focus
Key point to get in mind : Is a Master’s Degree Worth It?
A master’s degree is a powerful tool for change, leadership, and long-term success. Whether your focus is technology, social sciences, engineering, or education, it enables you to lead, enhance your expertise, and shape your future.
For graduate students, professionals, and international applicants alike, earning a degree remains one of the most effective paths to academic credibility, global mobility, and sustainable career growth.
Discover emlyon’s Master’s Range